Method and system for displaying variable shaped products on a computer display

ABSTRACT

A computerized system, method, and computer-readable media implementing a method for defining a variable shaped document for web viewing is presented. Markup language descriptions are defined for cutlines defining a shape of an item to be produced, and for content to be displayed on the item within the boundaries of the cutlines. Markup language rules area defined that prevent display of content in areas on a display screen outside the defined shape of the item to be produced.

PRIORITY CLAIM

The present application claims the benefit of priority of U.S. Ser. No.61/109,178 filed Oct. 28, 2008.

INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE

The present application hereby incorporates by reference U.S. Pat. No.6,650,433, entitled “Managing Print Jobs”, issued Nov. 18, 2003, in itsentirety and for all that it teaches.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates generally to designing and customizingvariable shaped products in a network environment, and more particularlyto a method and system for displaying variable shaped products on acomputer display screen and preventing display of content outsidedefined product outlines.

Products such as keychains, mousepads, magnets, sticky notes, cards,etc., may be produced in various shapes. For example, a keychain tag maybe offered in a rectangle, an oval, a circle, and/or other shapes thatmay even be customized to the particular design to be printed, etched,affixed, or otherwise displayed on the substrate of the product.

In an online environment such as a retailer website that offers suchproducts, a customer may be allowed to edit content that may be printedon the product. When the products offered come in variable shapes, it isdesirable during the content editing process by the customer to presentan image of the product as it will appear when manufactured. For thisreason, it would be desirable when allowing content editing of variableshaped products to display the product such that content positionedoutside of areas that will be in the finished product do not appear onthe customer's display screen.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is directed at techniques for mass producingvariable shaped products from orders of multiple different customers.

In an embodiment, a method for defining a variable shaped document forweb viewing includes steps of defining a markup language description ofoutlines defining a shape of an item to be produced; defining a markuplanguage description of content to be displayed on said item within theboundaries of the outlines; and defining rules that prevent display ofsaid content in areas on a display screen outside the defined shape ofthe item to be produced.

In another embodiment, one or more computer readable storage mediumtogether tangibly embodying program instructions which, when executed bya computer, implement the method described above.

In yet another embodiment, a system includes one or more processors andone or more computer readable media embodying program instructionsexecuted by the one or more processors to implement the method describedabove.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

A more complete appreciation of this invention, and many of theattendant advantages thereof, will be readily apparent as the samebecomes better understood by reference to the following detaileddescription when considered in conjunction with the accompanyingdrawings in which like reference symbols indicate the same or similarcomponents, wherein:

FIG. 1 is a high-level flow diagram illustrating an online retail model.

FIG. 2 is a high-level block diagram of an online retail system.

FIG. 3 is an operational diagram illustrating creation of a keychain tagtemplate.

FIGS. 4A-4G illustrates exemplary web pages displayed to a customerduring selection and customization of a product.

FIG. 5 illustrates an example “overlay” image and a rendering of atemplate description to illustrate how content is prevented from beingdisplayed in cutaway areas and margins of a product image.

FIG. 6 is a flowchart of an exemplary embodiment for rendering avariable shaped product document in a web browser.

FIG. 7 is a more detailed block diagram of an online print retailerimplementing aspects of the invention.

FIG. 8 is a diagrammatic representation an exemplary embodiment of theoperation of the rendering software of FIG. 7.

FIGS. 9A-9E are example embodiments of gang templates.

FIG. 10A is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary method for determininga weight of a variable shaped product.

FIG. 10B diagrammatically illustrates the method of FIG. 10A.

FIG. 11 is a block diagram of a computer system which may be used toimplement computing features of the invention.

FIG. 12 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary method for producingvariable shaped printed products.

FIG. 13 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary method for defining avariable shaped document for web viewing.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Systems and methods for facilitating the mass production of variableshaped products are presented herein.

FIG. 1 shows a high-level flow diagram illustrating a model foroffering, selling and producing products of various shapes through acomputerized environment. The model includes a Create Content component101 whereby content such as designs, graphics, templates, etc. which maylater be offered as, or incorporated into other, products of variousshapes are created or otherwise obtained. The model further includes aGenerate Demand component 102 through which customer interest inproducts incorporating the content is generated. The Generate Demandcomponent 102 may comprise, for example, web pages of an onlineretailer's website that display one or more products of various shapesand various designs that may be embodied on the products that areavailable for ordering by a customer. The model further includes anOrder Pipeline component 103 through which a product is selected andcustomized by a customer and an order for the product is placed. In anonline retailer's website, the Order Pipeline component 103 may comprisedesign software, discussed hereinafter, that allows the customer toselect a product design template and to customize text, image, and/orgraphical components of the product design prior to ordering one or moreproducts embodying the design.

The model further includes an Order Fulfillment component 104 whichaccepts orders from the Order Pipeline component 103 and manufactures orotherwise fills and ships the orders to the customers. In someinstances, the Order Fulfillment component 104 includes a warehouse orother storage facility which stores stock products available and readyfor shipment. In other instances, the Order Fulfillment component 104 isa manufacturing facility which manufactures the ordered items accordingto a design specified in the order. In other embodiments, the OrderFulfillment component 104 embodies manufacturing, warehousing, andshipping, and each component may be performed by different businessentities owned by the same or different parties. In an embodiment, eachof the Create Content component 101, the Generate Demand component 102,the Order Pipeline component 103, and Order Fulfillment component 104 isimplemented at least in part using one or more computer systems, forexample as illustrated and discussed in connection with FIG. 11.

A system embodying the model of FIG. 1 is shown in FIG. 2. A CreateContent system 220, which may be implemented with one or more computersystems or servers (for example as described hereinafter in conjunctionwith FIG. 11), is used to receive, obtain, generate, and/or otherwiseprovision a Content database 202 with content such as templatedescriptions and associated outlines descriptions usable by one or moreGenerate Demand/Order Pipeline servers 230 to customize and specifycustomer orders. One or more computer systems (for example as describedhereinafter in conjunction with FIG. 11) implement the GenerateDemand/Order Pipeline servers 230 to serve pages of an online retailerwebsite in order to generate orders 204 from customers for products. Inan embodiment, the products are physical products that may bemanufactured in a shape selected by the customer from a set of multipledifferent available shapes and with content selected and/or personalizedby the customer. For example, the product may be a keychain tag printedwith customer-selected, and optionally personalized, content and cut toa customer-selected shape. Orders 204 are received by one or moreFulfillment Center server(s) 240 and manufactured according to thespecifications of the order.

Each of the Create Content component 101, the Generate Demand component102, the Order Pipeline component 103, and Order Fulfillment component104 requires its own implementation considerations. Turning first to theCreate Content component 101, the Create Content component 101encompasses the implementation of content that corresponds to productsthat can be edited and personalized by remote customers over a network201 such as the Internet (and then subsequently ordered formanufacture). For any given product, one or more templates are generatedby a human designer (typically operating a design tool 214 implementedas software executed by one or more computer processors), oralternatively, a template may be designed and generated automatically bysoftware.

FIG. 3 shows the creation of a keychain tag template 300. Asillustrated, a template 300 will typically include some non-editablecontent 301 that cannot be altered by the customer, such as a graphic(in this case a graphic of a house), and one or more editable contentareas 302 that allow a customer to personalize with their specificinformation. For example, a template 300 for a keychain tag as shown inFIG. 3 may include a non-editable graphic 301 of a house and one or moreeditable text containers 302 which can be edited by a customer to fillin their own text.

Each physical product is manufactured from a product blank of predefineddimensions. As discussed hereinafter, a product blank may be predefinedarea of a larger substrate. The finished physical product may comprisethe entire blank, in which case content may be printed, engraved, orotherwise affixed or embodied anywhere within the physical boundaries ofthe blank. Alternatively, the finished physical product may be trimmedor cut to a shape different than the shape of the blank by cutting awayportions of the blank according to predefined outlines. Cutlines aretypically defined by a template designed using a content design toolduring the Create Content phase of the operation may include outeroutlines 303 whereby portions 304 of the product blank lying outside theouter outlines 303 are removed from the product blank to thereby definedthe outer shape of the finished product. Outlines may additionally oralternatively include one or more sets of inner outlines 305 a, 305 bwhereby portions 306 of the product blank lying inside the respectiveset of inner outlines 305 a, 305 b are removed from the product blank tothereby define an inner shape of a hole or orifice within the finishedproduct.

In order to create content that corresponds to products of variousshapes that will be manufactured from blanks of other shapes (forexample, from standardized rectangular blanks), a template 300 for anon-standard shape also includes or is otherwise associated with a setof outlines 308 that define either or both of outer outlines 303defining an outer shape and one or more sets of inner outlines 305 a,305 b that define one or more respective shapes of respective one ormore inner holes in the product. For example, the template 300 for thekeychain tag with the house graphic 301 shown in FIG. 3 may be offeredin a shape outlining the shape of the house graphic. If the shape of theproduct blank from which the product is to be manufactured does notexactly correspond to the desired shape, then a set of outer outlines303 defining the outer shape of the keychain tag (in this case,substantially conforming to the outer shape of the house graphic 301) isspecified by the template designer and saved or associated with thetemplate description 307 that described the layout and content of theproduct design. Likewise, if an inner orifice is desired, for example akeychain hole or another orifice such as a hole in the place of one ofthe windows of the house graphic), then a set of inner outlines 305 a,305 b is defined for each desired orifice and stored with or otherwiseassociated with the template description 307. In an embodiment, both thetemplate description 307 and the outlines description 308 are stored ina content database in a markup language format such as eXtensible MarkupLanguage (XML) that can be processed by a web browser to render an imageof the template on a computer display screen. The template description307 and the cut lines description 308 may be stored in the same file, ormay be associated via a link 309 for separate processing.

In an embodiment, a human designer utilizes one or more content designtools 221 (i.e. design software) to specify a template description 307defining a number and position of all editable images and textcontainers 302 in the template, any non-editable graphical designs 301and/or text to be included in the template, a color scheme, a fontscheme, and properties of each of the components (such as editable ornon-editable). One or more sets of outer and inner outlines 303, 305 a,305 b may also be defined using the design tool(s) 221. A DesignConversion Tool 232 may convert or extract a markup language templatedescription file 307 and a markup language cut lines description file308. The template description file 307 is associated with the cut linesdescription file 308 and stored in content database 202.

The stored content 202 (i.e., template description files 307 andassociated cut lines description files 308) may be provisioned to aserver 230 hosting a website. In one embodiment, as illustrated in FIG.2, the Generate Demand/Order pipeline server 230 serves web pages 233implementing the retailer's website to customers operating clientcomputer systems 210. A customer interacts with the website through abrowser 213 executing from program memory 212 under the control of oneor more processors 211. The design and order process is conductedthrough the website. FIGS. 4A through 4? show a set of webpagespresented to a customer to illustrate a flow of an ex websiteexperience.

The online vendor of products may offer products such as keychains,mousepads, magnets, sticky notes, cards, etc., that may be produced invarious shapes. For example, a keychain tag may be offered in arectangle, an oval, a circle, and/or other shapes that may even becustomized to the particular design to be printed, etched, affixed, orotherwise displayed on the substrate of the product.

In FIG. 4A, a customer has navigated to the online retailer's websiteand selected a product—in this case, a keychain—and is browsing agallery webpage 400 of available keychain design templates. The BrowseDesigns Page 400 presents sample images of a set of available designs ofkeychain tags 401 a-401 containing various design content, for example a“house” shaped logo 402 in keychain image 401 e. As illustrated by thekeychain images 401 a-401 f, the shapes of the keychain tags may vary toconform to the actual content of the design. Upon selection by acustomer of a particular design, for example selection of the “house”design shown in image 401 e by clicking on a selection link 403, theserver 230 serves up a web page 410 shown in FIG. 4B, which displays apreview image 411 of the selected “house” design template. The selectedtemplate is the starting point for the customer in designing a finalproduct document (in XML format) which will ultimately be used by theFulfillment Center Server 240 (FIG. 2) to manufacture the finishedkeychain. The webpage 420 allows the customer to personalize the designby providing text edit boxes 411, 412 in which the customer can add textto be incorporated into the keychain tag design. FIG. 4C shows a webpage420 that illustrates the previewing 421 after the customer has addedtext in the “Company Name” and “Phone/Other” text boxes 412, 413 and apreview tool has updated a preview of the template with thecustomer-entered information. As illustrated, the customer has entered“Real Estate Company XYZ” in the “Company Name” text box 412 and “(123)456-7890” in the “Phone/Other” text box 413, and the preview image 421of the template has been updated to reflect the customer's entries.

Noticeably, the preview image 411, 421 of the customer's product designincludes lines 415, 416, 417 indicating the outlines associated with thetemplate.

FIG. 4D shows a design tool web page 430 displaying an example of a backside of the keychain tag template. In this example, the back side of thekeychain tag template appears similar to the front side template, butthe outlines indicators 415, 416, 417 are flipped horizontally as theywould appear when the physical product is turned over. The content ofthe back side of the template contains a similar house graphic with thechimney flipped to the opposite side. Also in this example, the backside template also includes a text component corresponding to a “CompanyMessage” text box 432 and a text component corresponding to a“Web/Other” text box 433. In FIG. 4D, the text components areprovisioned with sample text. In FIG. 4E, the webpage 440 shows that thecustomer has filled in a company name and message “Call Today!” and webaddress information in the text boxes 432 and 433 and the preview image441 has been updated with the customer-entered information.

When a customer is personalizing a template prior to ordering, it isdesirable to present the preview image in a What You See Is What You Get(WYSIWYG) view. For this reason, the preview image 411, 421, 431,441 isdisplayed with outline indicators 415, 416, 417 so that the customer canunderstand what areas of the preview image correspond to the finishedproduct, and what areas of the preview image will not be included in thefinished product. This is important, for example, so that when acustomer positions a component such as a text component in a differentposition in the template, they will be able to see when any portion ofthat component lies outside of the finished product. For example, FIG.4F shows a web page 450 showing a preview image 451 of the front sidewhen the customer moves the “Real Estate Company XYZ” text component 425outside the outer outlines 415 of the template. The customer can clearlysee that portions of the text component 425 will not be included in thefinished product because they are outside the outer outlines 415.Additionally, there may be a margin area 418, indicated by the whitearea, between the outlines and the graphical content where graphicalcontent is disallowed to account for tolerance in the cutting machinesthat are used to cut the blanks to the defined shapes. By disallowinggraphical content in the margin area 418, the vendor of the product canensure that at manufacture time, the cutting system will not cut intoany graphical content due to cutting system tolerance, and that thepreview image 411, 421, 431 441, 451, 461 of the product appears as thefinished product will appear. Thus, in the WYSIWYG preview image411-461, any portions of graphical or text components 425 that arepositioned to occupy margin space 418 are not displayed in order toindicate that no content shall be printed in the margin space.

Similarly, as shown in FIG. 4G, any content 425 positioned within anarea defined by inner cutlines 416 will also not be visible in thefinished product since areas inside of inner cutlines 416 are to beremoved by the cutting system. Accordingly, as illustrated in FIG. 4G,in the WYSIWYG preview image, any portions of graphical or textcomponents 425 that are positioned to occupy areas 419 inside of innercutlines 416 are not displayed in order to indicate that content cannotbe visible in the finished product in the corresponding area.

Returning to the order pipeline flow, and assuming that the customerreturns the position of the text component 425 to the position shown inFIG. 4C, once the customer is satisfied with the content of the product,the customer may be presented with one or more web pages (not shown)configured to obtain order information such as quantity, shippingaddress, and payment information, all of which are well-known ecommercefunctions. A customer can then place the order for the specifiedquantity of items, and the order information is provided to aFulfillment Center server 240 (see FIG. 2) for manufacture of theordered products and fulfillment of the order.

Returning to FIG. 2, the Generate Demand/Order Pipeline Server 230implements the order pipeline flow shown in FIGS. 4A-4G. In anembodiment, the server 230 accesses template descriptions 307 andoutline descriptions 308 stored in the content database 202 (see FIG.3), for use by design tool(s) 235 and preview tool(s) 236, which areexecuted by a processor 231 from program memory 234 of the server 230,to render preview images of a product being personalized by a customerin a customer's browser 213 at the customer's client system 210.

As exemplified in the case of the “house” shape keychain tag selected inthe example of FIGS. 4A-4G, the shape of the final product may bedetermined by the shape of the content to be printed or otherwiseaffixed to the product. For example, a business advertising its realestate services may create or choose a design including a house logo,and optionally add further customizing design effects such as text andcolor scheme to the design. The shape of the keychain tag may follow thelines of the “house” logo, resulting in a tag having the shape of ahouse, which will typically be different than the shape of product blank(or gang cell, to be discussed in detail hereinafter) from which thekeychain tag is manufactured.

On the web site it is desirable to display a customer's preview image oftheir product design in a “What you see is what you get” (WYSIWYG)fashion. To accomplish this, the preview image 411-461 of the productdesign is displayed with the appropriate cut lines 415-417 and marginareas 418. For example, when a customer's design of a keychain tag isdisplayed via a preview tool 236, 215 executing at either or both of theGenerate Demand/Order Pipeline server 230 or client system 210, nographical or text components 425 should be rendered in either the marginareas 418 or the cut out areas 419, as these areas correspond to areasof the physical product that will not and/or cannot contain suchcontent. Likewise, when a keychain design is being edited by a customerusing a design tool 214, 235, the margin area 418 and the cut out areas419 should not be active editable areas. If a customer drags text 425 oran image into the margin 418, the portion of the text 425 or imagewithin the margin 418 is not displayed. In an embodiment, the portion ofany text or image within the margin is overlaid with a white area.

In order to support this requirement the web site is configured todisplay custom shaped designs as well as any margin between where designcomponent elements (such as text components and graphics) can be printedor otherwise located and where the product blank (or gang cell, asdiscussed in detail hereinafter) will be cut to produce the shape of thefinished product. In the design tool where the customers personalize aselected template and where the preview image of the personalizedproduct is displayed, customers are presented with an outline of theshape of the product, which corresponds to the cutlines, to indicatethat content placed outside of the cut lines will not be included in thefinished product.

As discussed with respect to FIG. 3, a set of cutlines 308 areassociated with a template description 307. In an embodiment, thecutlines 308 are defined in a markup language format, such as <XML>,which enables a web browser 213 to interpret and render an image 415,416, 417 of the outlines. In an embodiment, the cutlines 308 that definethe custom shape of a keychain or other variable shape product design isstored in a table, each entry represented by a cutlines identifier asthe primary key and a corresponding set of cut lines defining the pathof the cuts. Table I illustrates the cutlines description databaseschema:

TABLE I column name column type description cut_line_id int A unique IDfor the cut line. Primary key for the table. cut_xml varchar(max) TheXML for the cut lines

As also discussed with respect to FIG. 3, a set of cutlines 308 may beassociated with a template description 307 via a link 309. In anembodiment, the links are stored in a table. Table II illustrates thelink database schema:

TABLE II column column name type description layout_id int Reference toa layout or template description. cut_line_id int Reference to a cutline. is_backside bit Is this for a backside cut? This controls whetherthe cut should be flipped about the y- axis.

Outline XML Specification

In an embodiment, the format for cutlines in XML is similar to theformat for Vector Markup Language (VML) vector graphic shapes. In acustomer's product document (which is the XML of the template updated bythe design tools of the template updated with XML entries specifying thecustomer-entered text and image entries and other customer-selectedchanges), the cutlines are grouped inside a cutlines XML node. In apreferred embodiment, the cutline node is nested inside the customer'sdocument node (i.e., the node describing the entire product designspecific to that customer and product).

As discussed previously, a given product design may include more thanone type of cutline. In an embodiment, the type of cut is defined by acuttype attribute, which may be one of the different cut types shown inTABLE III.

TABLE III “cuttype” Value Description Restrictions keyring Defines thelocation of One per document. Must be within the keyring hole. a certaindistance of the outer cut. outer Defines the outer cut of One perdocument. the keychain. inner Defines an inner cut of Zero or more perdocument. the keychain.

Based on the above schema, a typical cutlines XML description will looklike the following example:

Example Cutlines XML

<cutlines cutlineid=“101”>  <cutline cuttype=“keyring” shapetype=“oval”name=“vpls_cutline_0” style=“...”/>  <cutline cuttype=“outer”shapetype=“polygon” name=“vpls_cutline_1” path=“...” style=“...” /> <cutline cuttype=“inner” shapetype=“rectangle” name=“vpls_cutline_”style=“...” /> </cutlines>

In an embodiment, the cutlines XML are shared for an entire productdesign document (which begins as the template and gets edited via thedesign tool 214, 235 to incorporate customer-entered text, images,and/or color/font scheme changes), whereas most of the actual contentcomponents (shapes, text, images) are located on a page. Therefore indocument XML the outline nodes are contained in the document node.

Below is an example product design document description XML alsoreferred to as an Item Doc:

Example Item Doc

<html> <body> <vpd def=“All”> <info ...> <!--New items node beginshere.-->  <items>  <cutlines>   <cutline ... />  </cutlines>  </items><!--New items node ends here.--> <format w=“3955” h=“1829” o=“LandScape”b=“41” pnb=“1”/> <page>...</page>

Displaying on the Site

For a given customer's product design (e.g., the document in FIGS. 4B-4Gdescribing the customer's keychain tag), the outlines description 308that will be made to create the physical product are stored. On the website, it is desirable to display the document as it will be manufactured(i.e., in a WYSIWYG rendering). For variable shaped documents, thecutlines XML 308 associated with the template 307 (either unpersonalizedbefore customer personalization, or personalized after customerpersonalization) are parsed and rendered in a visible indication. In anembodiment, this is accomplished by creating an “overlay” image (forexample, a .PNG image) having visible stroke lines such as black linesalong the cutlines themselves, and a non-transparent white color drawnin the margin areas, and in areas outside of the outer cutlines andareas inside of the inner cutlines. FIG. 5 illustrates an example“overlay” image 500, along with a template description rendering 510 anda rendering of the overlaying image over the template. The areas 509(where the user can edit) inside of the margins 504 are transparent inthis “overlay” image 500. The design tool 214, 235 places the overlayimage 500 on top of the template description rendering 510 so the usercannot see any components in those areas 506, 507, 508 that are notgoing to be a part of the physical product or that are place inside themargin area 504. Essentially, the overlay image 500 operates to paintover or white out, on the customer's display screen, the portions 506,507, 508 of the rendered document that lie outside the outer cutlines501, inside the inner cutlines 502, 503, or within the margin area 504.In an embodiment, the margin areas 504 are wide white strokes thatfollow the outline vectors 501, 502, 503.

As an example, FIGS. 4B-4G show a preview image of a customer's productdesign displayed in the customer's browser. The keychain hole 419 is anexample of a set of inner cutlines and the area 419 within these innercutlines 416 are whited out by an overlay image 500 to prevent displayof any content moved into that area. For example, FIG. 4G shows thatwhen content 425 is positioned in the area 419 of the keyhole, thecontent 425 within the keyhole area 419 is not displayed. Similarly, inFIG. 4F, when content 425 is positioned in the margin area 418 or inarea 419 outside the outlines 415-417, the content is not displayedsince the overlay image 500 prevents display of any content in theseareas.

FIG. 6 is a flowchart of an exemplary embodiment for rendering avariable shaped product document in a web browser. When rendering animage of a multisided product document with associated cutlines, themethod first determines whether the cutlines need to be flipped (step601). In this embodiment, cutlines are defined for the front side of aproduct document, so when the image of the back side of the document isto be displayed, the cutlines need to be flipped about the y-axis (i.e.,flipped horizontally). If the outlines need to be flipped for thecurrent rendering (step 602), the outlines are flipped accordingly (step603). In an embodiment, this is accomplished by applying a transformmatrix (step 604) to the collective paths (outer, inner, keyhole outlinepaths) which make up the outlines.

As previously described, in an embodiment the outlines are representedin the product document XML as a VML path. The next step is to draw allthe cutlines according to their specified paths (step 605). That is, forthe front side, the cutlines are drawn according to the correspondingVML path in the cutlines XML 38. For the back side, the cutlines aredrawn according to the flipped VML path (from step 603). In addition tothe path vectors, the outlines includes an additional type attribute(“cuttype”) that indicates if the cut is for an outer cut, an inner cut,or the cut for the keychain hole.

Once the cutlines are drawn the next step is establish the cut-away areafor the image (step 606) to ensure that document components such asgraphics and images are not drawn in the margins, the keyhole, any otherinner holes, and/or outside the product shape. In an embodiment, thecutlines specification may include a margin width that specifies thewidth of the margin at the edges of the finished product (i.e., aroundthe cutlines) which will not be printed, for example due to cuttertolerances and ink cracking.

Turning now to the Fulfill Demand component 104 of the model of FIG. 1,and in particular the simultaneous mass production of individual ordersof variable shaped products, FIG. 7 illustrates an exemplary embodimentof a high-level block diagram of a system 700 embodying the FulfillDemand component 104 (and Generate Demand component 103) of the retailmodel of FIG. 1. As shown in FIG. 7, an online retailer offeringproducts available in multiple different shapes provisions the GenerateDemand/Order Pipeline server 230 with a website. Product content, suchas templates, outlines, layouts, designs, font schemes, color schemes,images, graphics, available for various products are provisioned into acontent database 202 or other computer storage by human or computerdesigners via a Create Content System 220 (e.g., a personal computer orlaptop) and/or one or more content servers.

Any number of customers operating client computers 210 may access thewebsite hosted by the Generate Demand server(s) 230 to view products andproduct templates and to select, design, and/or customize various designcomponents of a selected product prior to ordering. For example,multiple templates for a product such as a keychain tag may beselectable by the customer (see FIG. 4A) for further customization suchas adding customer-personalized information such as name, business name,address, phone number, website URL, taglines, etc. (see FIGS. 4B-4G)Furthermore, the template may include image containers allowing the userto upload images into the design of the keychain tag. Additionally, thekeychain tag may be available in various shapes, selectable by thecustomer. (see FIG. 4A) Once a customer is satisfied with theirselections/customizations, they can place an order 203 through theserver 230. Orders 203 are stored in an order database 204 and/or sentdirectly to a fulfillment center. A server 240 at a fulfillment centermay retrieve orders 203 from the order database 204, extract individualitem documents 701 from the retrieved orders 203, convert the individualitem documents 701 into a set of related individual postscript files702-704, aggregate individual ordered items 701 into a set of relatedgangs 711, 712, 713 of individual items to be manufactured, andmanufactures the items a “gang” at a time. Manufactured items are sortedby a sorting system back into their individual orders, packaged by apackaging system 760 and shipped or otherwise delivered to therespective individual customers.

System 700 is configured for mass production of customized printedproducts or items that may be of differing shapes. In this system, massproduction includes the simultaneous printing of multiple items orderedfrom potentially multiple different customers and containing potentiallydifferent content and of potentially different shapes, followed by thesimultaneous cutting of the printed items. In other embodiments, theprinting step may be unnecessary for the particular application and maybe bypassed altogether.

In the context of the present invention, the discussion is focused onthe simultaneous manufacture of keychain tags printed with potentiallydiffering content and differing shapes as received from orders receivedvia an online retail website (hosted by server 230) from potentiallythousands or more different customers in any given time period. Thekeychain product in this context includes a keychain tag. The keychaintag is formed of a consistently flat sheet of substrate which is printedwith a design selected by the customer and cut to a shape associatedwith the selected design. In an embodiment, the keychain tag substrateis a soft polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or other stiff or semi-stiffmaterial.

In the system shown in FIG. 7, a potentially enormous number (e.g.,thousands or even hundreds of thousands or millions) of individual andcommercial customers, wishing to place orders for one or more instancesof various different shaped products having a various graphical andcustomized designs printed or otherwise affixed thereon, access thesystem over a network 250. In the illustrative embodiment, customersoperating respective client computers 210 may access the system over theInternet or other network 250 via web browsers 213 (or similarinteractive communication software) running on personal computers 210 orother electronic devices.

In general, the orders 203 submitted by customers are short runmanufacturing jobs, i.e., manufacturing jobs of products of a particulardesign and shape of less than 40,000 units, typically 1-5,000 units).Through the network 250, each customer can access a website comprising aplurality of related web pages 233, 235 configured to allow a customerto select and customize a graphical design or template to be printed,etched, engraved, stamped, affixed, or otherwise embodied on a product(e.g., keychains, mousepads, magnets, decals, sticky notes, businesscards, brochures, etc.). A product may be available in multipledifferent shapes from which the customer may select. For example, wherethe selected product is a keychain, the keychain tag may be available ina plurality of different shapes (see FIG. 4A) Design tool(s) 214, 235software may execute directly on the Generate Demand/Order Pipelineserver 230, or may be downloaded from the server 230 as part of webpages 233 displayed to the user to run in the user's browser 213 on thecustomer's computer 210. In an embodiment, the design tool(s) 214, 235enable the user to perform simple design functions by completing aselected template using a Design Wizard, or more complex designfunctions using a Design Studio, locally in the browser. In anembodiment, the templates are embodied using an XML format or otherappropriate format.

Once the customer has completed customization of the product templatedesign, the customer places an order. At this point the customizedproduct design template is referred to as an item document 701. An itemdocument 701 is a document description of an ordered item, and in oneembodiment is stored in an XML format. Such as the Ex Item Documentpreviously presented. Placement of an order results in a collection ofinformation associated with the order. The collection of information isreferred to herein as an order object 203. The customer's item document701 is sent to the Fulfillment Center server 240. In an embodiment, theitem document 701 is sent to the Fulfillment Center server 240 in XMLformat, and the XML file is then converted by rendering software 241 atthe server 240 into a set of associated PostScript files print-readysuch as an Adobe® .pdf or other such PostScript file.

The Fulfillment Center server 240 may include scheduling software 241.The scheduling software 241 operates to schedule the production offinished products based on characteristics of the received orders 218,such as shipping time, type of product, etc.

Rendering software 242 converts item documents from the web format(e.g., <XML> or Document Object Model (DOM) descriptions) used in theweb browser for displaying the web view of the design as seen by thecustomer during the design process to an associated set of print-ready(i.e., manufacturable) files 702, 703, 704 such as a Postscript (e.g.,.pdf) file ready to print by a printing press and a cutter-ready filesuch as a Postscript (e.g., .pdf) file ready to cut by a cutting system.

FIG. 8 diagrammatically represents an exemplary embodiment of theoperation of the rendering software 241. In this embodiment, therendering software 241 receives an item document 701 in an XML format,and renders it into an item graphics front Postscript file 703 such as.pdf file of the front side content to be printed by the printer, anitem graphics back Postscript file 703 such as .pdf file of the backside content (if printing is to performed on the back side of theproducts) to be printed by the printer, and an item outlines Postscriptfile 704 such as .pdf file of the outer and inner cutlines to so be cutby the cutting system.

Both the printing system 730 and the cutting system 740 can print or cutdirectly from respective the Postscript files 702, 703, 704 withoutrequiring additional file processing.

Returning to FIG. 7, a ganging system 710 executing the Ganging softwareautomatically aggregates, or “gangs together” respective individualrendered files 702, 703, 704 (e.g., .pdf files) associated with theitems being manufactured with multiple other items to be manufacturedand which may be associated with potentially multiple other customerorders, to produce a set of associated gang files 711, 712, 713. Onegang file 711 contains the frontside graphics of multiple differentitems to be simultaneously printed on the frontside of a sheet ofmaterial by a printing system. Another gang file 712 contains thebackside graphics of the same multiple different items to besimultaneously printed on the backside of the sheet of material. A thirdgang file 712 contains the cutlines of multiple different items to besimultaneously cut by the cutting system 740.

A gang is a grouping of individual postscript items that can all beeither printed together in the same pass through a printing press or cuttogether in the same pass through a cutting system. The process ofchoosing which individual postscript items are part of a gang is called“ganging.” Ganging leads to efficiencies on equipment with high setupcosts and low run costs. It spreads the setup cost of a print and cutjob across many orders.

Gangs are generated by the ganging system 710 by filling up gangtemplates. In an embodiment, and with reference to FIGS. 9A through 9E,individual item postscript files are arranged in a layout according to apredefined gang template 800. A gang template 800 is a postscript filesuch as a .pdf file defining a plurality of pre-positioned empty cells801. A cell 801 is a content container of pre-defined dimensionscorresponding to a product blank and positioned in the gang file layoutin a unique pre-defined location in the gang template 800. Each emptycell 801 may be filled with a single PostScript item file 702, 703, 704,or 705 to be printed or cut. Only PostScript item files of the same type(e.g., front side only, back side only, or cutlines only) can be placedin the same gang.

In the examples shown in FIGS. 9A-9E, each of the associated gangtemplates 810, 820, 830 includes 56 cells 801 of identical size arrangedin 7 rows and 8 columns. Each cell 801 corresponds to a product blank(e.g., a keychain tag blank), which is part of a larger sheet of PVC orother material substrate. The cell layout shown in FIGS. 9A-9E isrepresentative only and contains fewer cells than may be implemented inpractice. For example, in one embodiment (not shown), the gang sheet is49″×25″, and there are up to 192 keychain tag blanks on a gang. Thekeychain blanks are arranged in 12 rows and 16 columns. Each keychaintag blank is 3″×2″. In a gang template 800, the cells 801 correspond toa product blanks.

The cells 801 in a gang template 800 are filled according to anautomated ganging algorithm, executed within the ganging system 710. Theproduction of variable shaped products will typically require thegeneration of a set of associated gangs, including at least a front sidegang 810 (FIGS. 9B and 9C) and an associated cutlines gang 830 (FIG.9E), and if content is printed on the back sides of the products, itwill also require the generation of an associated back side gang 820(FIG. 9D). As previously described with respect to FIG. 7, each item tobe manufactured has associated with it an item graphics front file 703,optionally an item graphics back file 704, an item cutlines file 705,and optionally an item keyhole file 706.

The ganging system 710 selects a gang template 800 appropriate to aparticular product (e.g., a keychain template) and instantiates a gangtemplate for each of the front side 810, back side 820 (if the back sidewill be printed), and cutlines 830. Each of these templates 810, 820,830 is associated with one another. The ganging system 710 selects itemsscheduled for production and begins filling corresponding cells of theassociated gang templates 810, 820, 830 with the correspondingindividual item graphics front file 702, item graphics back file 703 (ifexists), and item outlines file 704. As illustrated in FIG. 9B, theganging system 710 is configured to fill corresponding cells inassociated gang templates 810, 820, 830 with the individual .pdf filesassociated with the same ordered item. That is, if an ordered item isassigned for production to a cell 803 of a gang template 800, the itemgraphics front file 702 generated from a given item document 701 will beinserted into cell 803 of the front side gang template 810, and the itemgraphics back file 703 generated from the same item document 701 will beinserted into corresponding cell 803 of the back side gang template 820,and the outlines file 704 generated from the same item document 701 willbe inserted into corresponding cell 803 of the outlines gang file 830.

The associated gang templates are preferably filled to capacity (byfilling each cell 801 with a pdf of the same type from items scheduledto be manufactured) or may only partially fill the associated gangtemplates for other reasons (such as meeting critical shipping deadlineswhen insufficient orders exist to fill the associated gang templates).In either case, when the ganging system 710 determines that all itemsthat will be ganged together have been added to the associated gangtemplates 810, 820, 830, it converts (if necessary) and saves the filledassociated gang templates 810, 820, 830 into respective associated gangfiles 711, 712, 713. That is, the ganging system generates each of asingle PostScript file 711 (e.g., a single .pdf) containing the frontside content of multiple different keychain tags, a single PostScriptfile 712 containing the corresponding back side content of the samemultiple different keychain tags, and a single PostScript file 713containing the corresponding cutlines of the same multiple differentkeychain tags. Each of these gang files 711, 712, 713 are associatedwith one another and are together used by the printing system 730 andcutting system 740 to simultaneously manufacture multiple differentitems that may be associated with multiple different orders and maycontain multiple different content and may be cut into multipledifferent shapes.

If the ordered quantity of finished products associated with an itemdocument is more than one, then additional instances of the rendereditem graphics front PostScript file 701, item graphics back PostScriptfile 703, and item cutlines PostScript file 704 may be placed inadditional cells of the associated gang templates 810, 820, 830 tomanufacture the ordered quantity of products. Alternatively, or inaddition, additional gang sheets may be printed and cut based on theassociated gang files 710, 720, 730 to manufacture the desired orderedquantity of any given item.

The front side gang file 711 and back side gang file 712 are sent to theprinting system 730 (e.g., a printer or a printing press such as anoffset press) and printed onto a single sheet 731 of substrate (such asa sheet of PVC) to produce a printed gang sheet 732. If a back side isto be printed, a printed gang sheet 732 may be fed back to the printingsystem 730 to print the back side of the sheet.

The printed gang sheet 732 and the cutlines gang file 713 are sent to acutting system 740 which cuts the printed gang sheet 732 into individualfinished products 733 (e.g., keychain tags). The finished products 733are sorted by a sorting system 750 into individual orders. Additionalpost-print processing, such as affixation of labels or binning an itemwhile waiting for additional items belonging to the order may beperformed. The filled orders are then packaged by a packaging system 760and shipped/delivered to the respective customers.

The packaging system may include weight calculation software 761 whichallows automatic calculation of the weight of a product without actuallyhaving to weigh the product. The weight calculation software 761 takesadvantage of the fact that for products that are manufactured from aflat sheet of substrate, such as the keychain tags manufactured from aflat sheet of PVC described herein, at least one dimension (in thiscase, the thickness) of the product presumably does not vary.Accordingly, the weight of the product can be determined by determiningthe ratio of the surface area of the product in the variable 2dimensions relative to the total surface area of a product blank.

FIG. 10A is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary method for determininga weight of a product having a shape characterized by a variable firstdimension and a variable second dimension and a non-variable thirddimension. That is, the shape of the finished product varies along 2dimensions and is of a constant thickness in the third dimension. Asillustrated in FIG. 9A, the weight of a product blank is obtained (step901). An image is created (step 902) such that the image has an aspectratio that matches the aspect ratio in the variable two dimensions of aproduct blank, and whereby the image is scaled to a predetermined scale.The content of the image includes pixels indicating and corresponding tolocations of the cutlines of the product, rendered according to thepredetermined scale. Pixels located in the area of the image inside ofthe outer cutlines and outside of any inner outlines correspond toproduct surface area. Pixels located in the area of the image outside ofthe outer cutlines and inside of any inner cutlines correspond tocutaway area.

The ratio of the number of pixels corresponding to product surface areato total number of pixels in the image is determined (steps 903-905). Inan embodiment, the image is processed pixel by pixel. Each pixel isclassified as corresponding to product surface area or to cutaway area(step 906). The total number of pixels is either known or counted duringthis process (step 904). When all pixels have been processed, the totalnumber of pixels corresponding to product surface area is known, and theratio of the pixels corresponding to product surface area relative tototal number of pixels is determined (step 905). This ratio alsocorresponds to the percentage of surface area of the product blank thatcontributes to the weight of the finished product. This ratio orpercentage can be multiplied by the weight of the product blank toobtain the weight of the finished product (step 907) without having toactually weigh the manufactured product at the packaging station.

If the manufactured product is to be shipped with accessories (forexample, a keyring may be shipped with a keychain tag), then the fixedweight of the accessories is obtained (step 908) and added to thedetermined weight of the manufactured product (from step 907) to obtainthe weight of a single finished product (step 909). If more than one ofthe same product is to be shipped, the weight of the single finishedproduct is multiplied by the quantity of identical items to be shipped(step 910).

Optionally, the weight of the package can also be added to determine thefinal shipping weight. If desired, a package type is selected and itsfixed weight determined (step 912) and then added to the total weight ofthe finished products (determined in step 911) to obtain the shippingweight (step 913). Postage may be calculated based on the shippingweight (step 914).

FIG. 10B illustrates the process diagrammatically. As illustrated,outline indicators are placed in an image having the same aspect ratioas the product blank. The outlines are scaled in proportion to theamount of scaling of the image relative to the size of the productblank. The pixels between the outer outlines and inner outlines arecounted as product surface area.

The method of FIG. 10A is preferably implemented as program instructionsstored in computer readable media that are read and executed by one ormore processors to automatically determine the shipping weight andpostage for the order. Accordingly, the packaging system 760 ispreferably a computerized system including one or more processors,program and data memory, and communication means for receiving order andshipping information. Although the weight calculation software 761 maybe implemented directly at the packaging systems 760, it may also beimplemented and executed on any server in the entire system 700 and theproduct weight, the order weight, the shipping weight, and/or thepostage may be sent to the packaging system from a remote system.

FIG. 11 illustrates a computer system 1010 that may be used to implementany of the servers and computer systems discussed herein. Components ofcomputer 1010 may include, but are not limited to, a processing unit1020, a system memory 1030, and a system bus 1021 that couples varioussystem components including the system memory to the processing unit1020. The system bus 1021 may be any of several types of bus structuresincluding a memory bus or memory controller, a peripheral bus, and alocal bus using any of a variety of bus architectures.

Computer 1010 typically includes a variety of computer readable media.Computer readable media can be any available media that can be accessedby computer 1010 and includes both volatile and nonvolatile media,removable and non-removable media. By way of example, and notlimitation, computer readable media may comprise computer storage mediaand communication media. Computer storage media includes volatile andnonvolatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any methodor technology for storage of information such as computer readableinstructions, data structures, program modules or other data. Computerstorage media includes, but is not limited to, RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flashmemory or other memory technology, CDROM, digital versatile disks (DVD)or other optical disk storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape,magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any othermedium which can be used to store the desired information and which canaccessed by computer 1010. Computer storage media typically embodiescomputer readable instructions, data structures, program modules orother data.

The system memory 1030 includes computer storage media in the form ofvolatile and/or nonvolatile memory such as read only memory (ROM) 1031and random access memory (RAM) 1032. A basic input/output system 1033(BIOS), containing the basic routines that help to transfer informationbetween elements within computer 1010, such as during start-up, istypically stored in ROM 1031. RAM 1032 typically contains data and/orprogram modules that are immediately accessible to and/or presentlybeing operated on by processing unit 1020. By way of example, and notlimitation, FIG. 11 illustrates operating system 1034, applicationprograms 1035, other program modules 1036, and program data 1037.

The computer 1010 may also include other removable/non-removable,volatile/nonvolatile computer storage media. By way of example only,FIG. 11 illustrates a hard disk drive 1040 that reads from or writes tonon-removable, nonvolatile magnetic media, a magnetic disk drive 1051that reads from or writes to a removable, nonvolatile magnetic disk1052, and an optical disk drive 1055 that reads from or writes to aremovable, nonvolatile optical disk 1056, such as a CD ROM or otheroptical media. Other removable/non-removable, volatile/nonvolatilecomputer storage media that can be used in the exemplary operatingenvironment include, but are not limited to, magnetic tape cassettes,flash memory cards, digital versatile disks, digital video tape, solidstate RAM, solid state ROM, and the like. The hard disk drive 1041 istypically connected to the system bus 1021 through a non-removablememory interface such as interface 1040, and magnetic disk drive 1051and optical disk drive 1055 are typically connected to the system bus1021 by a removable memory interface, such as interface 1050.

The drives and their associated computer storage media discussed aboveand illustrated in FIG. 11 provide storage of computer readableinstructions, data structures, program modules and other data for thecomputer 1010. In FIG. 11, for example, hard disk drive 1041 isillustrated as storing operating system 1044, application programs 1045,other program modules 1046, and program data 1047. Note that thesecomponents can either be the same as or different from operating system1034, application programs 1035, other program modules 1036, and programdata 1037. Operating system 1044, application programs 1045, otherprogram modules 1046, and program data 1047 are given different numbershere to illustrate that, at a minimum, they are different copies. A usermay enter commands and information into the computer 1010 through inputdevices such as a keyboard 1062 and pointing device 1061, commonlyreferred to as a mouse, trackball or touch pad. Other input devices (notshown) may include a microphone, joystick, game pad, satellite dish,scanner, or the like. These and other input devices are often connectedto the processing unit 1020 through a user input interface 1060 that iscoupled to the system bus, but may be connected by other interface andbus structures, such as a parallel port, game port or a universal serialbus (USB). A monitor 1091 or other type of display device is alsoconnected to the system bus 1021 via an interface, such as a videointerface 1090. In addition to the monitor, computers may also includeother peripheral output devices such as speakers 1097 and printer 1096,which may be connected through an output peripheral interface 1090.

The computer 1010 may operate in a networked environment using logicalconnections to one or more remote computers, such as a remote computer1080. The remote computer 1080 may be a personal computer, a server, arouter, a network PC, a peer device or other common network node, andtypically includes many or all of the elements described above relativeto the computer 1010, although only a memory storage device 1081 hasbeen illustrated in FIG. 11. The logical connections depicted in FIG. 11include a local area network (LAN) 1071 and a wide area network (WAN)1073, but may also include other networks. Such networking environmentsare commonplace in offices, enterprise-wide computer networks, intranetsand the Internet.

When used in a LAN networking environment, the computer 1010 isconnected to the LAN 1071 through a network interface or adapter 1070.When used in a WAN networking environment, the computer 1010 typicallyincludes a modem 1072 or other means for establishing communicationsover the WAN 1073, such as the Internet. The modem 1072, which may beinternal or external, may be connected to the system bus 1021 via theuser input interface 1060, or other appropriate mechanism. In anetworked environment, program modules depicted relative to the computer1010, or portions thereof, may be stored in the remote memory storagedevice. By way of example, and not limitation, FIG. 11 illustratesremote application programs 1085 as residing on memory device 1081. Itwill be appreciated that the network connections shown are exemplary andother means of establishing a communications link between the computersmay be used.

FIG. 12 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary method for producingvariable shaped printed products. As illustrated, the method includesreceiving a plurality of orders 203 for items to be manufactured (step1101). In an embodiment, the items to be manufactured are items to beboth printed and cut, but the items could also be items that only needcutting. Items to be printed have an associated print design. All itemshave an associated set of cutlines defining a shape for the manufactureditem. A set of received items are selected (step 1102) to besimultaneously produced. In an embodiment, at least some of the selectedprint items have associated sets of cutlines that define differentshapes (i.e., the shape of items in a selected set are not the same).Individual print-ready print files of the associated print design foreach of said selected print items are rendered (step 1103) (whereprinting will be performed). Individual cutter-ready outline filescorresponding to the associated set of cutlines for each of the selecteditems are rendered (step 1104). Individual print-ready files 702, 703associated with the selected items are inserted into respectiveindividual cells of a print gang 810, 820 (step 1105). As describedpreviously with respect to FIGS. 9A-9E, a print gang template 810comprises a pre-determined number of cells 801 each in a pre-determinedposition and each cell configure to receive print-ready content 702.Similarly, individual cutter-ready files associated with the selecteditems are inserted into respective individual cells of a cutlines gang830 (step 1106). Upon filling the print and cutlines gang templates, theprint gang file is rendered (step 1107) and the cutlines gang file isrendered (step 1108). The print gang file(s) 810, 820 are sent to aprinting system to print the content of the print gang file onto one ormore sheets of substrate (step 1109). The printed gang sheet(s) are thensent to a cutting system along with the cutlines gang file, which cutsthe individual items into the finished products (step 1110).

FIG. 13 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary method for defining avariable shaped document for web viewing, for example, with respect tocreating the overlay image described in FIGS. 5 and 6. In this method, amarkup language description 308 of cutlines defining a shape of an itemto be produced is defined (step 1201). A markup language description ofa margin area defining a margin between the defined cutlines and contentarea within the defined shape may also be defined (step 1202). A markuplanguage description of content to be displayed within the boundaries ofthe cutlines may also be defined (step 1203). Rules (i.e., the XMLdocument) that prevents display of the content in areas on a displayscreen outside the defined shape of the item to be produced are alsodefined (step 1204). Outline indicators and the content are displayed ona display screen according to said defined rules (step 1205).

Those of skill in the art will appreciate that the invented method andapparatus described and illustrated herein may be implemented insoftware, firmware or hardware, or any suitable combination thereof.Thus, those of skill in the art will appreciate that the methods andsystems described herein may be implemented by one or more processorsexecuting computer-readable instructions being stored for execution onone or more computer-readable media. Alternative embodiments arecontemplated, however, and are within the spirit and scope of theinvention.

Although this preferred embodiment of the present invention has beendisclosed for illustrative purposes, those skilled in the art willappreciate that various modifications, additions and substitutions arepossible, without departing from the scope and spirit of the inventionas disclosed in the accompanying claims.

1. A method for defining a variable shaped document for web viewing,comprising: defining a markup language description of cutlines defininga shape of an item to be produced; defining a markup languagedescription of content to be displayed on said item within theboundaries of the cutlines; defining rules that prevent display of saidcontent in areas on a display screen outside the defined shape of theitem to be produced.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the cutlines andthe content are displayed on a display screen according to said definedrules.
 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising: defining a markuplanguage description of a margin area defining a margin between thedefined outlines and content area within the defined shape.
 4. Themethod of claim 1, wherein the cutlines comprises outer cutlinesdefining an outer shape and inner cutlines defining at least onecut-away area corresponding to a cut-out area of the item to beproduced.
 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the rules prevent display ofsaid content in areas on the display outside said outer shape and withinsaid at least one cut-out area.
 6. The method of claim 1, furthercomprising: drawing outline indicators according to the cutlinesdescription; determining cutaway areas of the product based on thecutlines description; generating an overlay image whiting out thecutaway areas and which is otherwise transparent; rendering content on acomputer display screen; and rendering the overlay image over therendered content.
 7. One or more computer readable storage mediumtogether tangibly embodying program instructions which, when executed bya computer, implement the method of claim
 1. 8. A system, comprising:one or more processors; one or more computer readable media embodyingprogram instructions executed by the one or more processors to implementthe method of claim
 1. 9. An apparatus, comprising: a computer displayscreen; a processor which receives a markup language description ofoutlines defining a shape of art item to be produced, a markup languagedescription of content to be displayed on said item within theboundaries of the outlines, and markup description rules that preventdisplay of said content in areas on a display screen outside the definedshape of the item to be produced, said processor rendering said contenton said display screen and an overlay image over said rendered contentwhich whites out areas an said display screen corresponding to cutawayareas defined by said outlines.